Le Livre des Dynasties Islamiques, publié par Ta Ha Publishers

Le Livre des Dynasties Islamiques :

Magnifiquement illustrée, cette introduction concise présente les grandes dynasties islamiques – des Omeyyades aux Ottomans – telles des « étoiles dans le firmament » dont l’héritage culturel et civilisationnel a enrichi le monde musulman. L’ouvrage privilégie l’art, l’architecture, la littérature et les réalisations scientifiques aux récits politiques, le rendant ainsi accessible et captivant pour les jeunes lecteurs comme pour les adultes.

De l'auteur :

Luqman Nagy est un universitaire canadien titulaire de diplômes supérieurs en éducation et en bibliothéconomie, qui a mené des études linguistiques à travers le Moyen-Orient. Grand voyageur depuis les années 1970, il vit aujourd'hui en Arabie saoudite et enseigne à l'Université du Roi Fahd, puisant dans ses travaux à la fois la rigueur académique et une expérience culturelle directe.

Ta Ha Publisher

• Luqman Nagy

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The Book of
ISLAMIC DYNASTIES
A CELEBRATION OF ISLAMIC HISTORY AND CULTURE
لميقانه اد مواد لادور
MANVED
WRITTEN AND ILLUSTRATED BY
LUQMAN NAGY
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CHAPTER ONE
THE UMAYYADS OF SYRIA (661-750)
Tith the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632, the rapidly growing ummah (Muslim com-
was left a leader. four of as
became successive rulers of the fledgling Islamic world were simple, sincerely pious men. Known as Al-Khulafa' ar-Rashidun (The Rightly Guided Khalifahs or successors), they were
1. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (632-634)
2. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab
3. 'Uthman ibn 'Affan
(634-644) (644-656)
4. Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661)
They all ruled from the city of the Prophet, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, guided in their conduct by the Holy Qur'an and Sunnah. It was Abu Bakr who first suggested that he should be given the title Khalifat Rasul Allah (Successor of the Messenger of Allah). During the reign of 'Umar, this title was shortened to Khalifah (Caliph) and a second title, Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Faithful), was introduced.
'Ali, the fourth caliph, was brutally assassinated in Kufa following years of bitter conflict with the governor of Syria, Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan. Mu'awiyah was the nephew of 'Uthman and a member of the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe. With the death of 'Ali, he became the new caliph in 661 and the new capital of the Muslim Empire was then moved to Damascus, in Syria. Thus began the Umayyad Dynasty.
MU'AWIYAH IBN ABU SUFYAN (661-680)
The first Umayyad ruler, Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, is remembered for establishing a well-trained army of Syrian soldiers and the first Muslim navy. During his reign, Dar al-Islam expanded in the West to almost reach Asia Minor and in the East reached the borders of Central Asia. Mu'awiyah used the intact structures of the former Byzantine state to help build his new government. He ruled with hilm (civilised restraint) and reportedly described his manner of governing in the following words:
I apply not the sword where my lash suffices, nor my lash where my tongue is enough. And even if there be one hair binding me to my fellow men, I do not let it break: when they pull, I loosen, and if they loosen, I pull. Mu'awiyah encouraged support for his son Yazid, who in 680 replaced his father as the second Umayyad ruler. The practice of hereditary succession (the title of khalifah automatically being trans- ferred to another member of the family such as a son or brother) was thus established, eliminating the need for the election of a leader. However, not all Muslims approved of hereditary succession. Islamic historians, therefore, often refer to the Umayyad dynasty as a kingdom (mamlakah) and not a caliphate (khalifat) and to the rulers, with the exception of 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, as kings rather than caliphs. Unlike their predecessors, Al-Khulafa' ar-Rashidun, the new Umayyad mon- archs, living in their luxurious palaces, became increasingly separated from and less able to identify with the Muslim community they led.
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
1. THE UMAYYADS OF SYRIA (661-750)..
2. THE UMAYYADS OF SPAIN (756-1031)
3. THE 'ABBASIDS (749-1258 & 1261-1517).
4. THE SAMANIDS (819-1005)
5. THE FATIMIDS (909-1171).
6. THE GHAZNAVIDS (977-1186).
7. THE GREAT SELJUQS (1040-1194)
8. THE SELJUQS OF RUM (1077-1307)
9. THE BERBER DYNASTIES: THE ALMORAVIDS (1056-1147)
10. THE ALMOHADS (1130-1269)
11. THE AYYUBIDS (1169-1260)
12. THE DELHI SULTANATE (1206-1556)
13. THE NASRIDS OF SPAIN (1232-1492)
14. THE MAMLUKS OF EGYPT (1250-1517) 15. THE ILKHANIDS OF IRAN (1256-1353) 16. THE TIMURIDS (1370-1506)
17. THE OTTOMANS (1281-1922)
18. THE SAFAVIDS (1501-1722)
19. THE MUGHALS OF INDIA (1526-1858)
MAP
GLOSSARY
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX